Introduction

Child support is one of the most complex and sensitive issues in Israeli family law. When a child reaches the age of 18, many parents ask themselves: “Am I still required to pay child support?” The answer is not unequivocal and depends on a number of legal and social factors.

This guide will review Israeli law on the subject, set out the conditions and criteria for extending child support payments, and present practical examples from real cases. We will also discuss the financial and social implications of these decisions on parents and children alike.

The Law in Israel: Legal Capacity and Guardianship Law, 1962

The Basic Rule

Under the Legal Capacity and Guardianship Law of 1962, parents are legally obligated to provide for all the needs of their minor children until they reach the age of 18. This is an absolute duty arising from the very fact of being parents, regardless of their marital status or financial situation.

The Significant Exception – Section 6 of the Law

Section 6 of the Legal Capacity Law extends the support obligation beyond the age of 18 in certain cases. The section provides that parents are required to continue paying child support in the following situations:

Academic studies – when the child studies at an institution of higher education
Military service – during compulsory service in the IDF
National service – during national service
Special situations – disability, illness, or unique personal circumstances

Important to emphasize: the law does not require full child support payments as during minority, but rather a reduced payment that is generally determined by the Family Court.

Extending Child Support Payments: Conditions and Criteria

1. Academic Studies

When the child continues to academic studies, Israeli courts tend to extend the child support obligation until completion of the bachelor’s degree.

Conditions for continued payment:

The child studies continuously (without prolonged interruptions)
The studies are for a recognized academic degree
The child meets their academic obligations (reasonable grades)
The studies take place within a reasonable framework (generally up to age 25)

Payment amount:

Generally, the payment is reduced to one-third (1/3) of the support amount paid before age 18.

Practical example:

If the parent paid NIS 2,400 in support until age 18, during academic studies they would pay approximately NIS 800 per month.

2. Military Service

During compulsory IDF service, the State provides the soldier with a response to basic needs: uniforms, food, housing, and a monthly allowance. Nevertheless, the courts recognize that a soldier’s needs do not end with the basic necessities alone.

Comparison Table: Different Situations and Child Support Payments

Notes	Duration	Percentage of support	Age	Child’s status
Absolute obligation	Until age 18	100%	Up to 18	Minor
Depends on length of service	Length of service (2–3 years)	33% (one-third)	18–21	Military service
Same as military service	One to two years	33% (one-third)	18–19	National service
Maximum 4–5 years	Until completion of bachelor’s degree	33% (one-third)	18–25	Academic studies
No obligation	–	0%	18+	Full-time employment
No obligation	–	0%	18+	Neither studying nor working
Depends on severity	By court decision	Variable	18+	Disability/illness

Practical Examples from Real Cases

Case 1: Roi – Combat Military Service

Case details:

Roi, age 19, enlisted for combat service in the IDF
Until age 18 received support of NIS 2,200
The father argued that the army provides for all his needs and therefore support should not continue

Court’s decision:

The father was required to continue payment of NIS 733 (one-third of the support)
The payment will continue until release from compulsory service
Reasoning: although the army provides basic needs, a soldier requires additional support for civilian clothing, leisure, transportation on leave, and the like

Frequently Asked Questions – Detailed Answers

Is one obligated to pay child support after age 18?

Answer:
It depends on the child’s situation. If the child:
• Is in academic studies
• Is serving in the army or national service
• Has a disability or illness

Then yes – there is an obligation to continue paying reduced child support (generally one-third).

If the child:
• Is employed full-time
• Is not studying and not serving
• Is healthy and able to support themselves

Then no – there is no obligation to continue payment.

Need Legal Advice?

If you are dealing with questions or dilemmas regarding child support payments after age 18, we are here to help.

Vaknin Yariv Law Office specializes in family law and divorce for over a decade and has guided parents and children through hundreds of complex child support files.

For an initial consultation: 052-2288824

The subject of wills and inheritance evokes intense emotions, especially when the need arises for a will contest procedure. If you have any doubt regarding the validity of a will, you must be aware of the rights and options available to you. Professional legal guidance helps you act correctly before the legal authorities and ensure that the deceased’s true intent is realized.

What Is an Objection to a Probate Order?

An objection to a probate order is a legal proceeding. In this proceeding, an heir or any person with a legitimate interest files an objection to giving effect to a will submitted for probate. You may file such an objection for a variety of reasons, such as suspicion of forgery, undue influence, or the testator’s lack of capacity at the time the document was drafted.

When Should You Turn to an Inheritance Attorney?

We recommend that you turn to an attorney as soon as suspicion arises regarding the validity of the will. An experienced attorney guides you throughout the proceeding and files the objection professionally. The attorney examines the evidence, questions witnesses, and prepares strong legal arguments to represent you in court.

Stages of the Will Contest Procedure: From Filing the Documents to the Courtroom

The objection process is not merely technical. It is a legal battle based on uncovering the facts. We accompany you thoroughly through each of the central stations:

Diagnosis and strategy formulation: in the first stage we examine the will in detail. We look for formal defects and examine suspicions of improper involvement in drafting the will (under Section 35 of the Inheritance Law). In addition, we examine medical opinions regarding the testator’s capacity at the time of signing.
Filing the objection with the Registrar of Inheritance Affairs: we draft the objection together with affidavits and preliminary evidence. We file the documents within the period prescribed by law (generally 14 days from publication, unless an extension has been granted).
Transferring the file to the Family Court: this is a critical stage. Once we have filed the objection, the Registrar transfers the file for hearing at the Family Court. Here the focus shifts from bureaucracy to litigation (legal representation), and that is where the legal decision is made.
The evidentiary stage and witness examination: we manage the court hearings on your behalf. This stage includes cross-examination of the witnesses to the will and confrontation with the other parties. We present expert opinions, such as from graphologists or psychiatrists, in order to substantiate the claims.
The judgment: at the end of the proceeding, the judge determines whether the will is to be revoked or upheld. If the objection is accepted, the court will order the distribution of the estate by law (to the natural heirs) or in accordance with a previous valid will of the deceased.

Revocation of a Probate Order and Its Significance

Revocation of a probate order occurs when the court finds that the will is not legally valid. In such cases, we act to carry out the distribution of the inheritance under the law (according to family proximity) or in accordance with a previous will the deceased left.

Frequently Asked Questions – Will Contest

Can anyone object to a will?

The law allows only a person who has an “interest in the matter” to file an objection. This generally refers to heirs by law or persons named in previous wills of the deceased.

How long does a will contest take?

This is a complex legal proceeding that may take several months and even more than a year. The duration depends on the number of witnesses, the complexity of the evidence, and the court’s scheduling.

What costs are involved in filing an objection?

Filing an objection involves payment of a fee to the Registrar of Inheritance Affairs (as of January 2026, the amount is NIS 1,140). To this must be added the fee of the attorney representing you.

Why Choose the Inheritance Department of Vaknin Yariv Law Office?

A will contest procedure requires a deep understanding of inheritance law and experience in complex litigation. The Family and Inheritance department is led by Adv. Shlomit Asraf Schneider. She brings many years of experience accompanying families through these sensitive proceedings.

A meeting with Adv. Yariv Vaknin will provide you with a professional response designed to protect your interests in the most effective way possible. We accompany you with professionalism through our offices in Afula, Bnei Brak (B.S.R 4), New York, and Tbilisi.

Please note: the content on this site is for enrichment purposes only and constitutes general information. The information does not constitute legal advice and is not a substitute for binding advice.

Concerned that the will does not reflect the truth? Need representation in an objection proceeding? Leave your details on the site or call Adv. Yariv Vaknin now for an initial consultation: 052-2288824. We are here to ensure that the inheritance proceeding is conducted with justice and professionalism.

When a person passes away without leaving a will, the question of inheritance often becomes a point of dispute, particularly among common-law partners (yedu’im ba-tzibbur). The deceased’s estate is divided according to the order of inheritance set by the Israeli Inheritance Law. It is important to know that the law recognizes common-law partners as spouses for all intents and purposes and grants them inheritance rights similar to those of a married couple. Professional legal guidance ensures that you receive your share of the estate and protects your rights against potential objections.

Distribution of the Estate Under the Inheritance Law

The law sets a clear hierarchy for the distribution of property when no valid will exists. We examine the family composition to determine the share of the common-law spouse:

Spouse and children: the surviving spouse receives half of the estate. The other half is divided equally among the deceased’s children.
Spouse alongside the deceased’s parents: similarly to the distribution alongside children, if the deceased left parents (but no children), the spouse inherits half of the estate.
Spouse alongside siblings or grandparents: if the deceased had no children or parents, the spouse’s share rises to two-thirds of the estate, with the remainder passing to siblings or grandparents.
Spouse as sole heir: in cases where the deceased had no children, parents, siblings, or grandparents, the common-law spouse inherits the entire estate.

How Do We Prove Common-Law Partner Status?

To exercise your right of inheritance, you must present strong evidence of a shared spousal life and joint household. The courts examine the day-to-day reality that existed between the partners.

We assist you in collecting and presenting the following evidence:

Witness affidavits: we gather statements from people who knew the couple closely and witnessed the relationship between them.
Official and financial documents: we present joint bank accounts, lease agreements, or documents indicating joint property purchases.
Evidence from shared life: we use photographs, correspondence, and event invitations that attest to the stability of the relationship and your public image as a couple.

Dealing with Objections from Other Heirs

Other family members of the deceased often object to the recognition of a common-law partner as an heir. They may claim that the relationship was not committed or that the partners lived separately. In such cases, the proof process becomes a challenging legal battle.

We design a comprehensive legal strategy for you to deal with such objections. We represent you at the Family Court and ensure that your rights are preserved despite the absence of a signed will. Our experience shows that presenting a complete factual picture is the key to presenting your position in the best possible way in these files.

Frequently Asked Questions – Common-Law Partners and Inheritance

Is it mandatory to sign a cohabitation agreement in order to inherit?

No. The law recognizes the rights of common-law partners even without a written agreement, but the existence of such an agreement greatly facilitates the proof process in court.

Does a common-law partner also inherit pensions and benefits?

Yes. In most cases, a common-law partner is also entitled to receive a survivor’s pension from pension funds and from the National Insurance Institute. We accompany you in these claims as well, against the relevant bodies.

What happens if the deceased was officially married to another woman?

This is a particularly complex legal situation. We examine whether actual family life existed and the status of the original marriage in order to protect your rights to the greatest extent possible.

Why Choose the Family Department of Vaknin Yariv Law Office?

Vaknin Yariv Law Office specializes in complex and emotionally charged inheritance and family files. The Family Law and Real Estate department is led by Adv. Shlomit Asraf Schneider. She brings extensive experience in proving common-law partner status and managing inheritance disputes with professionalism and sensitivity.

A meeting with Adv. Yariv Vaknin will provide you with the legal certainty needed to realize your rights. We provide services through our offices in Afula, Bnei Brak (B.S.R 4), New York, and Tbilisi.

Did you live together without marriage and need to realize inheritance rights? Leave your details on the site or call Adv. Yariv Vaknin now for an initial consultation: 052-2288824. We are here to ensure that your rights as partners are preserved in full.

The “Continuing Successor” (Ben Mamshich) issue is one of the most challenging and sensitive matters for agricultural families on Israeli moshavim (cooperative agricultural settlements). When parents choose a single heir for the family farm, they create a complex legal and emotional reality that demands precise legal solutions, advance planning, and a deep understanding of the law governing cooperative associations and Israel Land Authority (ILA) lands.

Vaknin Yariv Law Office provides a comprehensive legal protection package for families on moshavim. The Family Law and Real Estate department is led by Adv. Shlomit Asraf Schneider, who brings extensive experience in Continuing Successor cases and agricultural estates and accompanies the process with sensitivity and uncompromising professionalism. We place strong emphasis on the delicate balance between the parents’ wishes, the continued operation of the family farm, and securing the rights of every family member in a fair, regulated, and lawful manner.

What Is the Legal Status of “Continuing Successor” on a Moshav?

The term “Continuing Successor” (Ben Mamshich) is not merely a family title or social custom – it is a formal legal status. The status is regulated under the Cooperative Associations Regulations (Member Registration) of 2000, which set out the conditions for registering a single member or married couple as holders of rights in a farm holding (nahala), and through agreements with the Israel Land Authority (ILA). Parents on a moshav choose a Continuing Successor (son or daughter) to manage the farm, carry out the required agricultural activity, and care for them in their later years.

While this appointment grants the chosen child the future right to inherit the holding and register the leasehold rights in their name, it raises weighty legal questions vis-à-vis the other siblings and heirs. Because a moshav holding is generally an indivisible asset, a significant economic gap is created between the Continuing Successor and the other siblings, who do not receive a share of the land. The role of an experienced moshav lawyer is to bridge these gaps through creative family agreements, fair compensation arrangements, and precisely drafted wills that prevent disputes that can drag on for years.

Sibling Compensation in a Family Farm: How Do You Achieve a Just Distribution?

Israeli law and case law recognize the need to balance the inheritance. This principle was anchored in Supreme Court rulings, which held that heirs who do not continue the farm are entitled to compensation reflecting their proportional share of the estate, in accordance with the equality principles set out in the Inheritance Law of 1965.

Determining the amount of compensation is a multi-stage and complex process requiring legal and economic expertise:

Objective valuation: we work in close cooperation with land appraisers specializing in the agricultural sector. The valuation includes the value of the land, structures, planning potential (such as non-agricultural use rights), water rights, and future building rights.
Analysis of rights at the ILA and the cooperative association: the firm thoroughly examines the “lot agreement,” the farm’s debts, and the restrictions on transferring rights, in order to understand the actual net value available for distribution after deducting debts and taxes.
Construction of a flexible payment mechanism: we draft agreements that define when and how compensation will be paid. Sometimes compensation is paid at the time of transfer of rights, and sometimes it is spread over years to allow the Continuing Successor to maintain the farm without economic collapse, while ensuring the financial security of the other siblings.

Why Is It Important to Be Guided by a Moshav and Family Holdings Lawyer?

Managing an agricultural farm and transferring rights in a holding require a deep understanding of the special law applicable to moshavim. Unlike a regular city apartment, transferring a holding involves the Israel Land Authority, the Jewish Agency, and the cooperative association.

Vaknin Yariv Law Office brings extensive experience representing clients in complex Continuing Successor cases. We act with determination to achieve a just distribution that preserves family harmony. Our legal services include:

Drafting binding “Sibling Compensation” agreements backed by guarantees.
Regulating the status of the Continuing Successor vis-à-vis the ILA and the cooperative association.
Handling real estate taxation issues unique to family holdings (capital gains tax and purchase tax).
Representation in inheritance disputes at the Family Court and in arbitration proceedings within the moshav.

Our goal is one: to ensure that the holding passes to the next generation smoothly, with full realization of the economic rights of every family member.

Frequently Asked Questions on Continuing Successor and Sibling Compensation

Can parents revoke the appointment of a Continuing Successor?

Revoking the appointment of a Continuing Successor is a complex legal process. If the appointment has already been registered and approved with the ILA, it is sometimes considered a “completed gift,” and revocation will require proof of special grounds such as offensive conduct by the child toward the parents or breach of fundamental obligations. Early legal advice is essential to protect the rights of the parents or the child in such cases.

How is the compensation amount for the siblings calculated?

There is no single formula set by law, but the accepted practice is to derive the compensation from the value of the holding on the open market, less transfer expenses, taxes, and farm debts. Our firm assists in formulating a fair formula agreed upon by all parties.

What happens if the Continuing Successor cannot pay the full compensation?

In such cases we build creative mechanisms such as charging the holding in favor of the siblings, selling part of the rights (where the local plan permits), or constructing a long-term payment schedule based on farm profits or external financing sources.

Can two Continuing Successors be appointed for one holding?

At present, the Israel Land Authority’s policy is that only an individual or a married couple can be registered as rights-holders in a holding. Therefore, a parental wish to bequeath to more than one child requires creative solutions such as splitting the holding (where planning permits) or internal contractual arrangements regulated by our firm.

Vaknin Yariv Law Office’s Expertise in Moshav Law

Our firm advises families on moshavim, kibbutzim, and across the agricultural sector throughout Israel, with particular emphasis on the north and center of the country. We combine deep knowledge in real estate together with the sensitivity required in family law.

Afula branch (head office): serving moshavim in the Jezreel Valley, Lower Galilee, and the surrounding region. The office provides a close and accessible response to farmers in the north.
Bnei Brak branch (B.S.R 4 Towers): serving holding owners in the center, the Sharon, and the south who seek the highest level of legal representation.
International reach: advising Israelis residing in New York and Tbilisi (Georgia) who hold rights in Israeli farm holdings and need to regulate their inheritance from afar.

Please note: the content on this site is for enrichment purposes only and constitutes general information. The information does not constitute legal advice, is not a substitute for binding legal advice, and does not create an attorney-client relationship. In any specific case you should obtain personalized legal advice from an attorney.

Appointing a Continuing Successor or seeking sibling compensation in a family holding? Don’t face the complexity of moshav law alone. The expert team at Vaknin Yariv Law Office is at your service.

To schedule a professional consultation: 052-2288824

Georgia has emerged in recent years as a leading destination for Israeli heterosexual couples seeking a professional, accessible, and efficient surrogacy process. Georgian law allows full legal handling of the procedure for foreign nationals, and the cost is significantly lower than the equivalent process in the United States. That said, surrogacy is a complex legal procedure that requires the guidance of an attorney well-versed both in Georgian law and in the Israeli requirements for registering the child with the Ministry of Interior. This guide covers all the stages, cost components, risks, and benefits, alongside an explanation of the legal services our firm provides through its branch in Tbilisi.

How Is the Surrogacy Process Carried Out in Georgia?

The surrogacy process in Georgia is open to non-citizens as well, and a Georgian passport is not required to begin the procedure. This is one of the central reasons why many Israeli couples choose Georgia over other destinations.

To carry out the process correctly, it is recommended to engage skilled professionals: lawyers specializing in Georgian surrogacy, licensed surrogacy agencies, and IVF clinics with experience working with foreign families. Professional guidance ensures that Georgian bureaucracy is handled properly, that the relationship with the surrogate mother is conducted according to the contract, and that medical follow-ups and treatments are carried out fully and on schedule.

Who Is Eligible to Undergo Surrogacy in Georgia?

Georgian law permits surrogacy only for heterosexual couples. Apart from this restriction, the conditions are not strict, and most Israeli couples interested in the process meet the criteria of Georgian law.

According to the Georgian Surrogacy Law, the procedure is open to:

Married couples (civilly or religiously married, including marriages performed outside Israel)
Unmarried couples who maintain a shared life under a documented cohabitation agreement

A significant advantage over Israeli law: there is no age limit on either partner, and no special surrogacy committee approval is required. In Israel, by contrast, surrogacy requires statutory committee approval, comprehensive psychological evaluations, and strict limitations that often delay couples for years.

Egg Donation in Georgia as Part of the Process

Many couples who come to Georgia for surrogacy also use egg donation, whether due to the intended mother’s age, a medical issue, or other circumstances. Georgian law permits egg donation as part of the surrogacy process, which is a significant advantage over other countries that have restrictions.

Critical legal point: even when the egg comes from a donor, the surrogate mother is not considered the legal mother of the child. The Georgian birth certificate registers only the intended parents, and neither of the women who took medical part in the procedure has any parental rights. This significantly eases the registration process in Israel and prevents future legal complications.

Our legal services include the orderly selection of a licensed donor bank in Tbilisi, review of the donor’s waiver agreements, and coordination between all parties to ensure that the documents will also satisfy the requirements of the Israeli Ministry of Interior.

Surrogacy Costs in Georgia and Funding Options

Surrogacy in Georgia involves significant expenses, but the cost is substantially lower than the equivalent process in the United States. The final cost varies according to medical circumstances, the agency accompanying the procedure, and the number of attempts required to achieve a successful pregnancy. An accurate cost estimate based on your personal case will be provided in the initial consultation at the firm.

Key cost components:

Payment to the surrogate mother (compensation + living expenses for the pregnancy period)
IVF treatments, medical follow-ups, and delivery procedures
Georgian attorney fees (contracts, legal registration)
Israeli attorney fees (coordination with the Israeli Ministry of Interior)
Flight tickets and stay expenses in Georgia
Insurance policy in case the procedure fails
Additional payment if a surrogate mother needs to be replaced after three failed attempts

Possible funding paths:

Self-funding from savings or sale of assets
Dedicated surrogacy loan from Israeli banks offering specialized tracks
Compensation from a medical malpractice claim: if the need for surrogacy stems from a previous medical injury, the compensation received (or expected to be received) can be used to fund the procedure. Our firm handles medical malpractice cases in parallel with surrogacy guidance, and the two matters are sometimes resolved together efficiently
Extended family contribution (orderly family loan agreements)

The Georgian Surrogacy Agreement: What Must Be Included

The legal agreement between the intended parents and the surrogate mother is the heart of the procedure. A loose or incomplete agreement can lead to critical complications, including the risk of denied parental recognition in Israel.

Essential clauses that must appear in the agreement:

Full waiver by the surrogate mother of any parental rights to the newborn
Explicit commitment by the surrogate mother to hand over the child immediately upon birth
Arrangement of the child’s registration in the names of the intended parents on the Georgian birth certificate
Medical commitments: maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, prohibition on smoking/alcohol/drugs, cooperation with follow-up appointments
A graduated payment mechanism based on pregnancy stages
A compensation mechanism for the case of miscarriage, failed pregnancy, or birth of twins
Insurance provisions in case of medical complications to the surrogate mother
Declaration documents from the surrogate mother’s spouse or partner, where relevant

A proper agreement is drafted by an attorney familiar with both legal systems, not only Georgian law. A Georgian-only agreement that has not been translated and tailored to the Israeli registration process is a recipe for trouble.

Registering the Child in Israel After Birth

One of the most important questions in an overseas surrogacy procedure is how to ensure that the child will be registered as the child of the intended parents at the Israeli Ministry of Interior and will receive full Israeli citizenship.

Registration stages:

Issuing a Georgian birth certificate with the names of the intended parents only (the surrogate mother does not appear)
Apostille on the birth certificate at the Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Notarized translation of the certificate into Hebrew
Issuing an Israeli passport / travel document for the baby at the Israeli Consulate in Tbilisi
Application for citizenship from birth for the child at the Israeli Ministry of Interior under the Citizenship Law
Registration of paternity / maternity in the Population Registry
A judicial parentage order at the Family Court (a critical stage that is sometimes overlooked): when there is no genetic link between the intended mother and the child, or to strengthen the legal status of parenthood in Israel, an application must be filed for a judicial parentage order at the Family Court. The order definitively and unequivocally regulates parenthood in Israel and ensures that the rights of the child and parents are fully protected. Without the order, problems can later arise, for example in inheritance matters, social security, or registration with educational institutions.

Critical tip: in some cases, the Israeli Ministry of Interior requires DNA testing to prove the biological connection between the intended father and the child before approving registration. It is worth preparing for this test in advance rather than waiting for an ad-hoc demand. Our firm assists with coordinating the laboratories and submitting the documents in a way that prevents unnecessary delays.

Comparison: Georgia vs. Ukraine, the U.S., and Israel

Many couples ask: “Why Georgia specifically?” The answer depends on the circumstances, but here is the central comparison:

Parameter	Georgia	Ukraine	U.S.	Israel
Relative cost level	Moderate	Was moderate-low	Very high	Moderate
Process duration	Relatively short	Currently not feasible	Lengthy	Very lengthy (including committee)
Eligibility	Heterosexuals only	Currently not feasible	All, including same-sex couples	Strict limitations
Statutory committee	Not required	Not required	Not required	Mandatory
Child registration	Direct birth certificate in parents’ names	Was straightforward	Complex, varies by state	Parentage judgment
Political stability	Stable	Ongoing emergency	Stable	Stable

Conclusion: for Israeli heterosexual couples, Georgia currently offers the best balance between cost, procedure speed, legal stability, and ease of registration in Israel. Ukraine was a preferred option before 2022, but since the war the process is no longer feasible. The U.S. remains an option only for couples with a very high budget or unique needs.

Stages of the Surrogacy Process in Georgia

From the start of the engagement to returning home with a baby, the process involves several key stages. The total duration varies from case to case depending on the success of the pregnancy and the complexity of the file:

Legal planning stage: legal consultation, selection of a licensed agency, signing the contract and matching with a surrogate mother
Medical treatment stage: IVF treatments, embryo transfer, conception tests
Pregnancy stage: periodic medical follow-ups, parents’ visits to Georgia (at least once or twice)
Birth stage: delivery, issuance of the Georgian birth certificate, apostille, notarized translation
Israeli registration stage: Israeli citizenship procedure, registration with the Ministry of Interior, return to Israel
Final regularization stage: completion of registration in Israel, issuance of an ID card for the baby, application for a judicial parentage order if needed

Our legal services continue even after the return home, until full completion of all registrations in Israel.

Legal Risks and How to Avoid Them

The procedure is relatively safe, but there are risks that should be recognized and prepared for in advance:

A contract not adapted to Israeli law: standard contracts of Georgian agencies do not always take into account the requirements of the Israeli Ministry of Interior. Solution: an Israeli attorney reviews every contract before signing.
Changes in Georgian law: during 2024–2025, the Georgian parliament held lively debates on restricting surrogacy to Georgian citizens only. As of April 2026, the procedure is still open to Israelis and other foreigners, but the dynamic legislative environment requires close monitoring. Our firm is updated in real time on regulatory changes in Tbilisi to ensure the continuity of our clients’ procedures, and will notify immediately of any change that could affect a file already opened.
Medical failure of the pregnancy: insurance coverage and compensation clauses must be secured in the contract.
Returning to Israel without citizenship for the child: in cases where parents returned to Israel before completing the child’s registration, they encountered delays of months. Solution: do not leave Georgia before all documents are in hand.
Paternity claims by the surrogate mother: extremely rare in Georgia, but possible. A strong agreement with properly drafted waiver clauses reduces the risk to nearly zero.

Tracking the Procedure from Israel

Couples beginning the surrogacy process can be in monitoring from the moment the embryo is implanted in the surrogate mother’s womb, all the way to the end of the procedure. In between, they receive ongoing updates from the surrogate mother and the medical team managing the follow-ups.

The professional services our firm provides include:

Weekly updates from the medical team in Tbilisi
Simultaneous translation in calls with the surrogate mother where required
Coordination of parents’ visits to Georgia (including logistical assistance)
Ongoing legal advice on any issue that arises along the way
Management of contracts and documents in one organized place

Frequently Asked Questions

Can an Israeli citizen undergo surrogacy in Georgia?

Yes. Georgian law permits the procedure for any heterosexual couple, regardless of citizenship. No Georgian passport or special visa is required.

How much does surrogacy in Georgia cost?

The procedure involves significant expenses including payment to the surrogate mother, IVF treatments, legal services, insurance, and flights. That said, the cost is significantly lower than the equivalent procedure in the United States. The final cost depends on the agency, medical condition, and number of attempts required. In an initial consultation at the firm we can provide an organized estimate based on your specific case.

How long does the entire procedure take?

Duration varies from case to case and depends on the success of treatments, the course of the pregnancy, and the time required to complete the bureaucratic registration in Israel. A regular surrogacy procedure includes the legal planning, medical treatment, pregnancy, birth, and Israeli registration stages. An initial consultation will provide you with a realistic picture of the expected timetable.

What rights does the surrogate mother have over the child?

Georgian law provides that the surrogate mother is not registered on the birth certificate and has no parental rights to the child. The intended parents are registered as the legal parents from the moment of birth.

Will the child receive Israeli citizenship?

Yes. As the child of Israeli citizens, the baby is entitled to citizenship from birth under the Citizenship Law. Registration with the Ministry of Interior is performed after returning to Israel, and our firm guides the process from end to end.

Can same-sex couples undergo the procedure in Georgia?

No. Georgian law allows surrogacy only for heterosexual couples. Same-sex couples need to look for alternative destinations such as the U.S. or Canada.

Is egg donation permitted as part of the surrogacy procedure in Georgia?

Yes. Georgian law permits egg donation, and even in this case the surrogate mother and the donor are not considered the legal mothers of the child. The intended parents are registered as the sole parents on the birth certificate.

Is the Georgian surrogacy law subject to change?

During 2024–2025, the Georgian parliament held debates on restricting the procedure to Georgian citizens only. As of April 2026, the procedure is still open to Israelis, but our firm monitors developments on an ongoing basis and updates clients on any relevant change.

Why choose an Israeli attorney rather than just a Georgian agency?

A Georgian agency is expert in the local-medical procedure, but cannot handle the registration of the child in Israel, will not identify problematic clauses from the perspective of Israeli law, and will not be available if a problem arises after returning home. An Israeli attorney familiar with both sides provides a complete envelope of services.

Why Choose Vaknin Yariv Law Office for Your Surrogacy Process?

Our firm is one of the very few Israeli law offices with a permanent branch in Tbilisi, Georgia, which allows us to provide close legal support throughout the entire process, not only remotely. The Tbilisi branch also serves the additional fields in which we are active in Georgia, such as tax planning in Georgia and real estate taxation in Georgia, giving us deep familiarity with the local legal and bureaucratic system.

Our experience includes:

Guiding numerous Israeli couples through surrogacy procedures in Georgia
Personal acquaintance with the leading agencies, IVF clinics, and notaries in Tbilisi
Drafting contracts tailored to both legal systems (Georgian and Israeli)
Managing the registration process at the Israeli Ministry of Interior and the Family Court
Handling edge cases: medical complications, replacement of surrogate mother, changes in the couple’s circumstances

Adv. Yariv Vaknin holds an LL.M. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is a member of the Israeli Bar Association and the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA), a certified notary, and serves as an external director of Mei Noam Corporation.

The firm is ranked Silver by BDI Code and listed in Dun’s 100 as a leading firm in its field.

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⚖️ Legal Disclaimer

Disclaimer: The content presented in this guide is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute binding legal advice. Surrogacy laws in Georgia and Israeli regulation regarding overseas surrogacy procedures are dynamic and subject to change; every surrogacy procedure should be conducted with personalized legal guidance tailored to the circumstances of the case.

Georgia has become one of the most sought-after real estate investment destinations for Israeli investors in recent years. A combination of attractive prices, sustained economic growth, low taxation, and a welcoming attitude toward foreigners makes it a compelling alternative to Israel’s saturated property market. That said, investing in real estate abroad requires an in-depth understanding of local law, proper registration of property rights, and correct tax management in both countries. This guide covers everything you need to know before you sign on the dotted line, along with an overview of the legal services our firm provides through its branch in Tbilisi.

Why Georgia? Key Advantages for Israeli Investors

Georgia offers several advantages that are virtually unmatched in other real estate markets:

1. Open Access for Foreigners

Georgian law allows foreign nationals to purchase real estate in almost any designation, with no requirement for government approval or a local corporate entity. The process is straightforward and fast.

2. Low and Simple Taxation

Tax rates in Georgia are significantly lower than in Israel, and with proper planning it is entirely legal to minimize the tax burden considerably. For detailed information, see our guide on real estate taxation in Georgia and our guide to tax planning in Georgia.

3. Sustained Economic Growth

Georgia consistently records high growth rates, and tourist development in cities such as Tbilisi and Batumi continues to push property values upward.

4. Attractive Rental Yields

Real rental yields are above the European average, especially for short-term vacation rentals (Airbnb).

5. Legal Stability and Political Consolidation

Despite its complex geopolitical neighborhood, Georgia has managed to build a relatively stable legal system operating on European principles.

6. Residency Permit Option

Investors who purchase property in Georgia above a minimum amount set by law (currently around $100,000) are eligible to apply for a Residency Permit. This turns the investment into a strategic “Plan B” tool, particularly for families seeking geographic backup. The residency is generally granted for a renewable period and allows extended stays in the country. The application process involves additional documentary requirements that our firm handles as part of the comprehensive legal service.

Popular Property Types for Investment in Georgia

🏢 Residential apartments in Tbilisi: An urban revolution in the capital. New construction is booming in the Vake, Saburtalo, and Old Tbilisi districts. Attractive for long-term rental to international workers.

🏖️ Vacation apartments in Batumi: A coastal city on the Black Sea. Airbnb properties with high seasonal yields. New luxury tower developments along the promenade.

🏗️ Off-plan real estate: Purchasing an apartment before construction is completed at a significantly lower price, with capital gains upon handover. Requires vetting the developer’s track record.

🏪 Commercial real estate: Shops, offices, logistics complexes. Offer high yields but require expertise in commercial tenancy management. For advanced commercial structures, consider upfront tax planning in Georgia before the deal.

🌍 Agricultural land and plots: An option for strategic investors. Georgian law restricts foreigners from purchasing agricultural land; a special legal structure is required.

Recommended Investment Areas

Tbilisi – The capital. The largest and most stable market. Reasonable real yields, sustained value growth.

Batumi – The second-largest city, the tourism capital. High rental yields, seasonal dependence, great potential.

Kutaisi – The third-largest city. A developing market with low entry prices. Suited to patient long-term investors.

Borjomi and Gudauri – Traditional tourist destinations. Exclusive vacation properties.

The Legal Purchase Process – Step by Step

Buying property in Georgia requires an orderly legal process:

1. Property Due Diligence

Before signing any contract, it is essential to check the property’s registration in the Public Registry, previous ownership rights, debts, liens, and unpermitted construction.

⚠️ Critical point: Registration in the Georgian land registry is among the fastest in the world, but it is not an insurance certificate that the building will actually be completed, that the developer has not mortgaged the land, or that there are no third-party claims. Our legal due diligence is designed to uncover exactly what does not appear in the standard extract: hidden developer obligations, building permits, and disputes not yet registered.

2. Drafting the Purchase Contract

The contract must be in Georgian (a manual Hebrew translation is required), with protective clauses for cases of property defects, late delivery, or price disputes.

3. Deposit and Lien

Typically 10–30% upon signing. It is vital to ensure that funds are transferred to an escrow account, not directly to the seller.

💎 Critical legal tip: Never transfer cash to a developer in Tbilisi. Use only an Escrow account or documented bank transfers linked to the property number in NAPR. There is no way to retroactively enforce an agreement based on undocumented cash payments.

4. Power of Attorney (POA) Where Required

If the investor is not physically in Georgia, signing through a qualified attorney with a notarized POA is an established option.

5. Registering the Property in the Land Registry

The process is conducted at NAPR (National Agency of Public Registry). It is relatively fast – a matter of days. The property is registered in the buyer’s name once full payment is completed.

6. Obtaining the Title Certificate

A legal document recognized by the Georgian state. It is worth keeping an official copy and a notarially translated copy in Hebrew.

Legal Risks and How to Avoid Them

A contract in Georgian only that the investor did not understand: The most common risk. Solution: a proper Hebrew translation plus an attorney who has reviewed the wording.
Property with unpermitted construction: Some older properties were built without licensing. Land-registry registration is possible, but authorities can demand demolition.
Unreliable off-plan developer: Projects that were never completed or built to a poor standard. Solution: choosing a developer with a proven track record plus a bank guarantee.
Undisclosed lien on the property: Solution: full registration check before paying the deposit.
Unplanned tax structure: Double taxation (Georgia + Israel) or missed benefits. Solution: legal guidance from a lawyer familiar with both systems.
Regulatory changes – and the opportunity within them: Georgian land laws change periodically, especially regarding foreigners. In 2024–2026, Georgia is aligning its legislation with European standards (EU Integration). This is a risk (regulation is tightening and new conditions may be added) but also a major opportunity: meeting European standards significantly raises long-term property values and may ultimately make Georgia one of the most attractive countries in the region. Our firm is updated in real time on regulatory changes in Tbilisi and their implications for existing investments.

Banking Support and Opening an Account in Georgia

Most investors are advised to open a Georgian bank account:

Opening process: Usually requires physical presence at the bank, a passport, and a residential address. Completed within one to two days.
Recommended banks: TBC Bank, Bank of Georgia (both offer English-language customer service).
Benefits: Domestic rent transfers (no international fees), property tax payments, management fee payments.
Risks: Currency controls and regulations governing transfers back to Israel. Understanding the rules in advance is essential to avoid account freezes.

Tax Aspects of Georgian Real Estate Investment

Tax liability is divided into two layers:

In Georgia: Property tax (low), income tax on rental income, capital gains tax on sale.

In Israel: Disclosure of overseas assets (mandatory!), tax on rental income, capital gains tax on sale. The Israel–Georgia tax treaty prevents double taxation in most cases.

The common mistake: Investors who do not report their Georgian property to Israeli tax authorities. The Israel Tax Authority learns of such assets through automatic information exchange (CRS), and this typically ends in a voluntary disclosure proceeding. Proper legal and tax guidance from the outset prevents this scenario.

Comparison: Georgia vs. Other Destinations

Parameter	Georgia	Greece	Portugal	Israel
Entry price (apartment)	Low (~$50k–$70k)	Medium–High (€250k+)	High (€350k+)	Very high
Purchase tax	0%	3%	Graduated (up to 8%)	Graduated (up to 10%)
Land-registry registration time	A few days	Months	Months	Months / years
Access for foreigners	Fully open	Open	Open	Restricted
Residency option	Available (above a threshold)	Available (Golden Visa)	Available (Golden Visa)	Citizenship by birth
Rental yield	High	Medium	Low–medium	Low
Legal language	Georgian (translation required)	Greek	Portuguese	Hebrew
Flight time from Israel	Short (3 hours)	Medium	Long	Domestic

Frequently Asked Questions

Can an Israeli citizen buy property in Georgia?

Yes, without restriction for most property types. Apartments, building plots, and commercial real estate are fully open to foreign nationals. Agricultural land requires a special legal structure.

Do I need to set up a Georgian company to hold property?

No. Most investors hold property directly in their own name. A Georgian company is recommended only for large-scale investments or advanced tax structures.

What does the process look like if I am not in Georgia?

The entire process can be conducted via a notarized Power of Attorney (POA) deposited with a local attorney. Our firm handles the process end-to-end through its Tbilisi branch.

Am I required to report a Georgian property to Israeli tax authorities?

Yes, it is mandatory. Overseas assets and rental income from them must be disclosed on the annual Form 1301. Failure to report may lead to penalties, especially given the CRS automatic information-exchange agreement between Israel and Georgia. Correct reporting from the outset saves significant money down the line: we structure the investment so you make full use of the Israel–Georgia tax treaty and avoid double taxation on the same income.

What is the risk of a contract in Georgian only?

The risk is signing clauses you did not understand. Every purchase contract must be translated and legally reviewed in Hebrew before signing.

How long does land-registry registration take?

The formal process at NAPR is relatively short – a matter of days. However, completing all documents and the due-diligence review beforehand can take several weeks.

Is there a risk of government expropriation?

Very low. Georgia has not expropriated private properties in the past decade, apart from rare cases involving infrastructure projects with full compensation.

Why Choose Vaknin Yariv Law Office for Your Investment?

Our firm is one of the very few Israeli law offices with a permanent branch in Tbilisi, Georgia. The branch handles a wide range of matters: real estate investments, tax planning, real estate taxation, incorporation of local companies, and surrogacy proceedings.

Our experience includes:

Guiding Israeli investors through real estate transactions in Georgia’s major cities
Personal relationships with developers, brokers, notaries, and banks in Tbilisi and Batumi
Drafting and reviewing purchase contracts in Georgian and Hebrew
Managing the NAPR registration process and due-diligence checks
Integrated Israel–Georgia tax planning to maximize returns
Handling edge cases: buyer–developer disputes, hidden defects, problematic tenancies

The firm is ranked by BDI Code and Dun’s 100 as a leading firm in its field.

🟢 For a free initial consultation call: 052-2288824
🟢 Or leave your details in our contact form and we will get back to you shortly

⚖️ Legal Disclaimer

Disclaimer: The content presented in this guide is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute binding legal advice. Real estate and tax laws in Georgia and Israel are dynamic and subject to change; every transaction should be conducted with the guidance of personalized legal counsel tailored to the specific circumstances of the case.